Social Work Exam Human Behavior Practice Test 2025 – Complete Prep

Hypothyroidism is characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism, energy levels, and general bodily functions. In this condition, the thyroid gland is underactive, leading to a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold. This insufficiency in hormone levels directly impacts various physiological processes, thus illustrating the importance of normal thyroid function.

While hyperthyroidism refers to the overproduction of thyroid hormones and can lead to symptoms such as weight loss and increased heart rate, Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that often leads to hypothyroidism as it causes the immune system to attack thyroid tissue. Goiter can occur in various thyroid conditions, including both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and refers to the enlargement of the thyroid gland without necessarily indicating overall hormone levels. Therefore, the defining characteristic of hypothyroidism is the inadequate production of thyroid hormones, making it the correct answer.