Social Work Examination Services (SWES) Human Behavior Practice Test

Who developed the concept of the conflict-free sphere in psychological theory?

1. Freud

2. Erikson

3. Hartman

4. Bandura

The correct answer is: Hartman

The concept of the conflict-free sphere was developed by Hartman. This notion is essential in understanding how individuals relate to their social environments and manage internal conflicts. Hartman proposed that there exists a segment of the psyche that is not bound by conflict—known as the conflict-free sphere. This area is thought to house the more functional aspects of personality that allow for creativity, positive relationships, and the ability to interact with the environment without the burdens of internal strife. In this conflict-free zone, individuals can experience healthy interactions and potentially foster growth. Hartman's contributions to the understanding of psychosocial development emphasize that not all psychological experiences are fraught with conflict, and the existence of a conflict-free sphere provides a framework for recognizing areas of strength and potential within individuals. Freud's theories primarily focus on conflict arising from unresolved unconscious tensions and drives, while Erikson's work centers around psychosocial development during different life stages. Bandura's theories emphasize observational learning and the impact of social influences on behavior. None of these theorists specifically define or delve into the concept of a conflict-free sphere.